Universal precautions treat _______ human blood and other potentially infectious material for bloodborne pathogens.

• A. all
• B. some
• C. none
• D. most

Answer: (A)

Universal precautions require treating all human blood and other potentially infectious materials as if they are infectious for bloodborne pathogens. This approach means you apply protective measures every time—gloves for any contact, proper handling and disposal of sharps, barrier protection, thorough cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, and diligent hand hygiene. Since pathogens like HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C can be present in blood, assuming every sample could be infectious minimizes the risk of exposure. Saying that only some materials are dangerous or that none are dangerous would ignore real risks and weaken safety practices.